杜鹃冠网蝽的药剂防治试验

为了给杜鹃冠网蝽的化学防治提供理论依据,选择阿维菌素、吡虫啉等药剂进行药效试验。结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素、10%吡虫啉对杜鹃冠网蝽有较好的防治效果,药后3 d防效分别达97.4%和96.8%。     

Tree Mortality,Needle Biomass Recovery and Growth Losses in Scots Pine Following Defoliation by Diprion pini (L.) and Subsequent Attack by Tomicus piniperda (L.)

Tree mortality and growth losses following insect defoliation are poorly documented in Scandinavia. In 1990-1991, Diprion pini (L.) caused extensive defoliation to Scots pine in Lauhanvuori national park and surrounding areas in south-western Finland. Most trees lost all their foliage in 1990. In 1991, the outbreak area was sprayed with diflubenzuron (Dimilin®), except in the national park, where trees were severely defoliated again. No further defoliation occurred in 1992. In spring 1993, sprayed trees had ca 30% foliage, whereas unsprayed trees on average carried less than 10% of full foliage. The latter trees were susceptible to attack by Tomicus piniperda (L.), whereas the former largely escaped beetle attack. Beetle attacks peaked in 1993, and depletion of suitable host trees probably terminated the beetle outbreak in the area. Two years of severe defoliation resulted in substantial tree mortality and growth losses. In spring 1997, these unsprayed stands had suffered a ca. 50% loss in basal area which was mainly because of mortality, and about half of the dead trees had been attacked by T. piniperda. Surviving trees had ca 50% of full foliage, and radial growth had still not recovered. Basal area growth was reduced by 40-70%, depending on the amount of foliage left after the second year of defoliation. In contrast, tree mortality and beetle attack in the sprayed stands were negligible, and these trees had recovered full foliage and radial growth by spring 1997. Thus, one year of total defoliation resulted in an estimated loss in basal area growth of approximately 30% during ca. 5 yrs. In conclusion, the spraying operation was economically justified, as it prevented substantial tree mortality and reduced growth losses.     

Comparative study in chemical character and fatty acid compositions of masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil

The fat production rate in adult healthy masked civet(Paguma lavata) and nutria (Myocaster coypus) oil were measured. The values of iodine, saponification and acid pH, composition of fatty acids of grease were analyzed both chemically and by apparatus. The results showed that acid pH, iodine value, saponification value, and unsaturation point are 1.887 and 0.784, 53.90 and 48.32, 98.80 and 100.23, and 60.05% and 58.85% are respectively for masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil. Both of masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil contain a little of Eicosatetraenoic acid (C-20∶4), which is of great significance in nutrition and metabolism for human body. The analysis results indicate that masked civet’s oil is similar to nutria’s oil in iodine value, saponification value and unsaturation point. Both masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil are steady and have highly nutrition. They can be widely exploited and utilized in health protection and cosmetics made industry. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruiha)     

化学诱变的BmNPV对家蚕细胞和虫体感染性的初步研究

前文报道化学诱变剂对家蚕核型多角体病毒 (BmNPV)多角体形态有明显的诱变作用 ,诱变的BmNPV基因组对某些限制性内切酶的酶切电泳谱发生变化。本文研究进一步表明 :诱变BmNPV感染家蚕Bm N细胞的病变特征与对照相比没有明显不同 ,但形成不定形超大多角体的空斑时间延迟2～ 3d;诱变BmNPV感染家蚕幼虫后 ,病蚕体内各组织病变损害的感染程度 (易感性 )与对照基本相同。研究结果提示 ,诱变的BmNPV对家蚕培养细胞、虫体组织的感染性无显著变化     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

中国沙棘属植物资源研究

本文概述了中国沙棘属植物4种5亚种的分布、分析测定了它们的主要化学成分,如果汁中的总糖、总酸、维生素C及游离氨基酸含量、果肉及种子的含油量及脂肪酸的组成、全果中的金属元素含量。并分别对各种及亚种的品质及其经济生物学特性进行了评价,指出了它们的开发利用价值和种质资源价值。     

化学实验室常见废液处理的探讨

对化学实验室常见废液进行科学分类，根据它们的不同性质提出了相应的处理方法，并对实验中得以应用，使化学实验室废液的排放标准达到国标规定，增强了学生的环保意识和实验操作技能。     

Chemical Compositions of Volatile Oil from Fruiting Body of Armillaria luteo-virens

The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method.21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids,taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.     

化学处理对菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃降解率的影响

选用 4头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的杂交肉用黄牛 ,采用 4× 4拉丁方设计研究化学处理对菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃降解特性的影响。结果表明 :菌糖经碱化、氨化及氨化 +碱化处理后 ,NDF的动态降解率 ( P)和瘤胃潜在降解部分 ( a+ b)均有不同程度的提高 ,其中以碱化和氨化 +碱化处理效果最好。香菇菌糠经碱化和氨化 +碱化处理后 ,NDF、CEL及 HC的动态降解率 ( P)分别提高 36.30 % ( p<0 .0 5 )、2 0 .43% ( p<0 .0 5 )、1 1 3.1 1 % ( p<0 .0 5 )和 49.2 2 % ( p<0 .0 5 )、1 8.88% ( p<0 .0 5 )、1 1 0 .5 7% ( p<0 .0 5 )。     

矢尖蚧全年一次性药剂防治试验

在矢尖蚧雌成蚧的不同发育阶段、柑桔不同物候期以及不同气候条件下,探讨实施该虫全年一次性药剂防治时,矿物油制剂与有机磷农药混用的适宜配方和喷布时期。结果表明,其最佳配方(体积比)是:40％氧化乐果乳油或40％水胺硫磷:95％机油乳剂:清水=1:60 :3000。混配药液中基础物质机油乳剂的浓度必须保持在2％以上,而有机磷农药则可稀释3000倍。初步探明的最佳喷药时期是:矢尖蚧越冬代雌成蚧次年产卵末期,亦即当年第1代幼蚧虫口发生后峰期至终见期或第2代幼蚧发生的初期,也是柑桔第2次生理落果后期至果实膨大初期,一般正处于梅雨季节接近结束、高温干旱季节来临前,此时喷药能有效阻止幼蚧上果危害。较佳喷药时期为该虫越冬期,即采果后的11～12月,一般正值花芽分化前期,此时温度低湿度高,使用安全。